Cover i
Other Books in the Landmark Series ii
Title iii
Copyright iv
Contents
The Landmark Julius Caesar v
Web Essays vi
Editors’ Preface to the Web Essays ix
About the Editors x
E Caesar, Man of Letters 1
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
F Caesar the Politician 6
Martin Jehne, Technische Universität Dresden
Martin Jehne, Technische Universität Dresden
G Caesar and Pompey 13
Dominic Machado, Wake Forest University
Dominic Machado, Wake Forest University
H The Legacy of Rome’s Wars 19
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
I The Fall of the Republic 25
Judy E. Gaughan, Colorado State University, Pueblo
Judy E. Gaughan, Colorado State University, Pueblo
J The Legitimacy of Caesar’s Wars 33
Erich S. Gruen, University of California, Berkeley
Erich S. Gruen, University of California, Berkeley
K Gaul in Caesar’s Time 40
Olivier Büchsenschütz, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
Olivier Büchsenschütz, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
L Oppida: Towns in Caesar’s World 44
Ian Ralston, University of Edinburgh
Ian Ralston, University of Edinburgh
M Romans, Germans, and Germania 48
Maureen Carroll, University of Sheffield
Maureen Carroll, University of Sheffield
N Caesar on Britain 52
Tom Moore, Durham University
Tom Moore, Durham University
O The Mediterranean State System 57
Arthur M. Eckstein, University of Maryland
Arthur M. Eckstein, University of Maryland
P Late Republican Provincial Administration 63
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
Q The Roman Army Camp 68
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
R The Rules of War 73
Josh Levithan, Independent Scholar
Josh Levithan, Independent Scholar
S Military Engineering and Sieges 79
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
T The Economics of War 84
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
U The Commercialization of War 88
Clare Rowan, University of Warwick
Clare Rowan, University of Warwick
V Military Logistics 92
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
Nathan Rosenstein, Ohio State University
W War and Geographical Knowledge 97
Richard J. A. Talbert, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
Richard J. A. Talbert, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
X Caesar the General and Leader 102
Lukas De Blois, Radboud University, Nijmegen
Lukas De Blois, Radboud University, Nijmegen
Y Civil War Strategies 109
Arthur M. Eckstein, University of Maryland
Arthur M. Eckstein, University of Maryland
Z Patterns of Roman Land Warfare 114
Jonathan P. Roth, San José State University
Jonathan P. Roth, San José State University
AA Caesar at Sea 125
Nicolle Hirschfeld, Trinity University
Nicolle Hirschfeld, Trinity University
BB The Chronology of Caesar’s Campaigns 131
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
John T. Ramsey, University of Illinois at Chicago
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
John T. Ramsey, University of Illinois at Chicago
CC The Roman Commentarius and Caesar’s
Commentaries 203
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Commentaries 203
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
DD Caesar the Historian 210
Christopher B. Krebs, Stanford University
Christopher B. Krebs, Stanford University
EE Caesar’s Portrait of “Caesar” 214
Keith Fairbank, Brown University
Keith Fairbank, Brown University
FF Caesar the Ethnographer 223
Hester Schadee, University of Exeter
Hester Schadee, University of Exeter
GG The Gallic War as a Work of Literature 229
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
HH The Gallic War as a Work of Propaganda 236
Alexa Jervis, Buckley School, New York
Alexa Jervis, Buckley School, New York
II The Literary Art of the Civil War 241
Luca Grillo, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
Luca Grillo, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
JJ The Civil War as a Work of Propaganda 246
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
KK The Cultural Legacy of Caesar’s Commentaries 255
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
Debra L. Nousek, University of Western Ontario
LL The Origins of the Corpus of Caesar’s Works 260
Jan-Felix Gaertner, University of Cologne
Jan-Felix Gaertner, University of Cologne
MM The Non-Caesarian War Books 265
Jan-Felix Gaertner, University of Cologne
Jan-Felix Gaertner, University of Cologne
NN Editing Caesar 271
Cynthia Damon, University of Pennsylvania
Cynthia Damon, University of Pennsylvania
OO After Caesar 275
Hester Schadee, University of Exeter
Hester Schadee, University of Exeter
PP Caesar’s Invasions of Britain 282
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
QQ The Siege of Alesia 285
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
RR The Conquest of Uxellodunum 288
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
SS Trench Warfare at Dyrrachium 294
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
Duncan B. Campbell, University of Glasgow
TT From Defeat at Dyrrachium to Victory at
Pharsalus 297
Gregory S. Bucher, University of Maryland
Pharsalus 297
Gregory S. Bucher, University of Maryland
UU Alexandria 304
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Kurt A. Raaflaub, Brown University
Bibliography 311
A Note from the Editors about the Web Essays
Kurt A. Raaflaub and Robert B. Strassler
The Web essays published here are an integral part of The Landmark Julius Caesar.
The Contents section shows how these essays fit into the plan of the entire work. The
printed volume, published in December 2017, contains an introduction on Caesar’s life
and works; a detailed chronological summary of the events covered in the complete
corpus of Caesar’s works; a new translation of these works with brief chapter
summaries and explanatory notes; four appendices that offer brief biographies of
persons who recur frequently in these works and explain elementary matters such as
Roman time and date counting, Roman units of currency and measurements, and the
organization of the Roman army; a list of ancient authors cited in the volume, a
glossary, bibliography, and a detailed index.
The Contents section shows how these essays fit into the plan of the entire work. The
printed volume, published in December 2017, contains an introduction on Caesar’s life
and works; a detailed chronological summary of the events covered in the complete
corpus of Caesar’s works; a new translation of these works with brief chapter
summaries and explanatory notes; four appendices that offer brief biographies of
persons who recur frequently in these works and explain elementary matters such as
Roman time and date counting, Roman units of currency and measurements, and the
organization of the Roman army; a list of ancient authors cited in the volume, a
glossary, bibliography, and a detailed index.
The corpus of Caesar’s works comprises eight books of the Gallic War, three books of
the Civil War, and three individual war narratives by unknown authors who were
probably officers in Caesar’s army and thus participated in the events and provide a
different perspective on Caesar the general and leader. To emphasize the coherence of
the entire corpus, we have numbered the books in sequence, with the Gallic war of
58–50 B.C.E. covered by Books 1–8 of The Landmark Julius Caesar, the civil war of 49
and 48 by Books 9–11, wars in Egypt, Anatolia and other parts of the Roman empire in
47 by Book 12 (Alexandrian War), the second round of the civil wars in 46 by Book 13
(African War), and the last round of the civil wars in 45 by Book 14 (Spanish War).
the Civil War, and three individual war narratives by unknown authors who were
probably officers in Caesar’s army and thus participated in the events and provide a
different perspective on Caesar the general and leader. To emphasize the coherence of
the entire corpus, we have numbered the books in sequence, with the Gallic war of
58–50 B.C.E. covered by Books 1–8 of The Landmark Julius Caesar, the civil war of 49
and 48 by Books 9–11, wars in Egypt, Anatolia and other parts of the Roman empire in
47 by Book 12 (Alexandrian War), the second round of the civil wars in 46 by Book 13
(African War), and the last round of the civil wars in 45 by Book 14 (Spanish War).
We have taken advantage of the opportunities offered by the Internet which,
unlike
printed books, knows no page limitations. We asked experts in various fields to write
compact essays on issues that we hope will help the readers gain a deeper
understanding of the world in which Caesar lived and acted, of his life and career, of
the structure of the Roman state and government, of multiple aspects of Roman
warfare, of various aspects of Caesar's writings, and of defining episodes described in
his works. These essays, we repeat, form an integral part of The Landmark Julius
Caesar and, as such, are cited throughout the footnotes in the printed volume and the
Web essays. Their publication on the website makes them available to all readers who
are interested; they can be downloaded and printed for personal use. We hope that
many readers will take advantage of this opportunity.
printed books, knows no page limitations. We asked experts in various fields to write
compact essays on issues that we hope will help the readers gain a deeper
understanding of the world in which Caesar lived and acted, of his life and career, of
the structure of the Roman state and government, of multiple aspects of Roman
warfare, of various aspects of Caesar's writings, and of defining episodes described in
his works. These essays, we repeat, form an integral part of The Landmark Julius
Caesar and, as such, are cited throughout the footnotes in the printed volume and the
Web essays. Their publication on the website makes them available to all readers who
are interested; they can be downloaded and printed for personal use. We hope that
many readers will take advantage of this opportunity.
Contents
TheLandmarkAncientHistories.com
File updated January 2018; see copyright page for changes